Exhaust manifold



Dec. 7, 1948.

EXHAUST MANIFOLD 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 7, 1946 7, 1948. H. JACOBSEXHAUST MANIFOLD 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 7, 1,946

Dec. 7, 1948. JACOBS 2,455,493

EXHAUS'i MANIFOLD Filed Aug. '7, 194a 4 Sheets-Sheet? ec. 7, 1948. H.JACOBS EXHAUST MANIFOLD 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 7, 1946 FIG. l4.

I! lllllllull FIG. l6.

Patented Dec. 7, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EIfliAUST MANIFOLDHarold Jacobs, Clayton, Mo. Application August 7, 1916, Serial No.688,861

26 Claims.

This invention relates to exhaust manifolds for multi-cylinder internalcombustion engines of the kind having a fluid operated turbochargeroperated by the exhaust gases conducted thereto through said manifold.

The invention has for its principal object to devise a simple, strongand durable, lightweight exhaust manifold of the above type that willconduct the exhaust gases of the engine to the turbocharger thereforwith a minimum amount of turbulence and frictional resistance andwithout the exhaust gases from one cylinder interfering with the exhaustgases from any other cylinder, thereby obtaining the maximum efliciencyof the exhaust gases as a motive fluid for the turbocharger for theengine and thus increasing the horse power thereof.

Other objects are to provide for cooling the manifold by the liquidcooling medium for the engine, or by an independent source of coolingmedium, or to provide for axial expansion of the manifold.

The invention consists in an exhaust manifold of the above typecomprising a plurality of separate noncommunicating conduits permanentlyassembled in spaced parallel relation, all open at the same end forcommunication with the turbocharger and each communicating with aselected roup of engine cylinders.

The invention also consists in forming each of said exhaust conduits oflengths of half tube sections that are closed along their open side byflat plates welded thereto. and assembled in proper relation.

The invention also consists in mounting said tubular conduits in atubular casing which is disposed in spaced relation thereto to form awater jacket therefor and is adapted for connection with the liquidcooling system of the engine or to an independent cooling system. Theinvention also consists in dispensing with the cooling jacket and inproviding the exhaust conduits with axially expansible and contractiblesections; and it also consists in the multi-conduit exhaust manifold andin the parts and combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein like symbols refer to like partswherever they occur.

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a multi-conduit exhaust manifold embodyingmy invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of said manifold;

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the other side thereof;

Fig. 4 is an end elevational view of the discharge end of said manifold;

Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are vertical cross-sectional views on the lines55, 5-6, '|1, 8-8 and 9-, respectively, in Fig. 2;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a modified form of exhaust manifold;

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view of one side of the modified manifold;

Fig. 12 is a side elevational view of the other side thereof;

Fig. 13 is an end elevational view of the discharge end of said modifiedmanifold;

Figs. 14 and 15 are vertical cross-sectional views on the lines I 4l4and l5-I5, respectively, in Fig. 10;

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary plan view of another modified form of manifold;

Fig. 17 is a vertical cross-sectional view on the line |1--l| inF-ig.16; and

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of one of the axially expansible andcontractible manifold sections shown in Figs. 16 and 17.

In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 to 9, inclusive, illustrate aliquid cooled exhaust manifold for conducting the exhaust gases of aneight cylinder internal combustion engine (not shown) to an exhaustturbine supercharger (not shown) for supplying to said engine a greaterweight of air than would normally be inducted at the prevailingatmospheric pressure. The exhaust manifold comprises a tubular outsidecasing A having four conduits B, C, D and E disposed thereinlongitudinally thereof, one above another and spaced from one anotherand from said casing to provide a chamber F for any suitable coolingliquid,

The outside casing or jacket A preferably comprises a flat inner sidewall plate I, a flat outer side wall plate 2, a half tube top section 3welded to the upper edges of said plates, and a half tube bottom section4 welded to the lower edges of Said plates. The tubular casing A has aclosure plate 5 welded to one end thereof. The other end portion 6 ofthe casing A gradually increases in width and decreases in depth andterminates at said end in a substantially rectangular section which isclosed by a similarly shaped end closure plate I welded therein. The endclosure plate I has openings 1 therethrough in the four corners thereof,and the four exhaust conduits B, C, D and E have the portions thereofthat are located in the end portion 6 of the casing A formed to extendthrough said end portion and the respective openings in said closureplate and are welded in said openings and terminate at their opendischarge ends in a common substantially rectangularly shaped attachmentplate 8 adapted to be secured to the turbocharger with said opendischarge ends in communication with the inlet opening thereof.

As shown in the drawings, each of the exhaust conduits B, C, D and Ecomprises a, half-round tube section 9, which is closed at the endremote from the discharge end of said conduit by a semicircular endclosure plate It welded therein and is closed along its open side by aflat cover plate ll welded to the longitudinal side edges of saidhalf-round section. The discharge end portion of each exhaust conduitgradually changes from a half-round section to a round section ofsubstantially the same cross-sectional area as the half-round section.

The two uppermost exhaust conduits B and C are arranged in opposedspaced relation and incline downwardly from the outer side wall 2 of thecasing A towards the inner side wall I thereof; and the two lowermostexhaust conduits D and E are similarly arranged, but have their fiatsides disposed in substantially horizontal planes. The uppermost exhaustconduit B terminates a considerable distance short of the closed end ofthe casing or jacket A, and the remainingexhaust conduits C, D and Esuccessively increase in length towards said end of said casing.

Each of the exhaust conduits B, C, D and E is provided with two tubularinlet branch fittings l2 spaced apart longitudinally thereof. Each ofthe two inlet fittings l2 of each exhaust conduit inclines downwardly,outwardly and rearwardly from an opening in the engine side of saidconduit through an opening in th inner wall I of the casing and iswelded in said openings and terminates at its lower end in a verticalattachment flange l3 adapted to be secured to the side of the engine.The inlet end of each elbow fltting I2 is of a shape to correspond tothe exhaust port attaching face of the engine and the discharge endthereof is horizontally elongated lengthwise of the conduit, thecross-sectional area of said ends being substantially the same as thecross-sectional area of said conduit.

Each of the exhaust inlet fittings H of an exhaust conduit is adapted tocommunicate at its fianged inlet end with the exhaust port of a selectedengine cylinder. The flange I: of each exhaust inlet fitting [2 may alsosupport the outer or inlet end of the horizontal water inlet tube llwhose inner or outer end is welded in an opening provided therefor inthe inner or engine opposing side wall of the casing or jacket A.

In the manifold shown, the inlet end of each inlet tube I4 is adapted tocommunicate with the cooling jacket of the engine, and the jacket A ofthe casing has an outlet opening I5 therein that communicates with theengine cooling system whereby the cooling liquid of said system fiowsthrough the cooling chamber F of the manifold and around the exhaustconduits therein.

As stated above, the hereinbefore described exhaust manifold is adaptedfor use with an eight cylinder Diesel engine, and each of the exhaustconduits is adapted to communicate through its inlet fittings l2 thereofwith a different group of engine cylinders, the arrangement being suchthat each of the cylinders that are in communication with a particularexhaust conduit completes its cycle from air intake to exhaust withoutany interference from the other cylinder communicating with saidconduit.

For instance, with an eight cylinder engine, whose cylinders fire at 90degree intervals in the order of 1, 6, 2, 5, 8, 3, 7, 4, the exhaustconduit '13 is connected with the fourth and fifth cylinders, theconduit C is connected to the third and sixth cylinders, the conduit Dis connected with the second and seventh cylinders, and the conduit E isconnected with the first and eighth cylinders.

The hereinbefore described exhaust manifold has numerous importantadvantages. The manifold is made of simple and inexpensive parts thatare quickly and easily welded together to form a strong and durable,lightweight construction having exhaust inlet fittings spaced apart tocoincide with the cylinder spacing of the engine throughout the lengthof the manifold and water inlet fittingeither associated with each ofsaid exhaust inlet fittings or placed in independent positions. Selectedengine cylinders are grouped together to exhaust into certainexhaust'conduits according to the number of cylinders and the firingorder thereof so that the exhaust gases from one cylinder will notinterfere with the exhaust from any other cylinder connected to the sameexhaust conduit. Thus, by preventing the simultaneous or overlappingexhaust of a plurality of cylinders into a common exhaust conduit, theexhaust gases are conducted to the turbocharger with a maximum amount ofpressure fluctuation, but with a minimum amount of turbulence,frictional resistance and interference, thereby obtaining the maximumefficiency of the exhaust gases for operating the turbocharger. Thisturbulence and frictional resistance is further reduced by reason of thesubstantially straight exhaust conduits and by maintaining asubstantially constant cross-sectional area throughout the entire lengthof the exhaust conduits and their inlet fittings. The cooling chamber ofthe manifold is so constructed that the cooling liquid flows throughsaid chamber and around all of the exhaust conduits, thus preventingpressure knocks, heat distortion of the manifold, and maintaining theexhaust gases at a temperature best suited for operating theturbocharger at maximum efficiency.

Figs. 10 to 15, inclusive, illustrate an exhaust manifold for a sixcylinder engine. This manifold comprises a tubular outside casing A ofcircular section having two exhaust conduits B and C of semicircularsection disposed therein, substantially concentric therewith and spacedtherefrom to form a chamber F for the cooling fluid.

The two semicircular or half-round exhaust conduits B and C are arrangedwith their flat sides vertical and in opposed spaced horizontal relationto form a passage therebetween for the cooling fiuid in the chamber FThe cylindrical outside casing or jacket A comprises two semicircular orhalf tube sections 3' that are welded together along their adjacentlongitudinal edges. The casing A has a closure plate 5 which is weldedto one end thereof and has a water inlet opening H therein; and saidcasing terminates at its opposite end in a conical or fiared portion 6which is closed by a circular end closure plate I welded therein. Thisend closure plate has two circular openings 1 therethrough; and theportions of the two conduits that extend through said flared endportions gradually change from a semicircular cross section to acircular cross section and are formed .to enter said holes and arewelded therein. The cross-sectional area of the circular end portions ofeach of the exhaust conduits is substantially the same as thecross-sectional area ofthe semicircular portion thereof. The conduit 3extends from the flared end I of the casin A to a point substantiallymidway of the length The flared portion 8' of the casing A has a wateroutlet opening It therein. Each of said conduits comprises a half-roundtube section 9 which is closed at the end remote from its discharge endby a welded closure plate Illand along its open side by a flat coverplate ll' welded to its longitudinal side edges.

Each of the exhaust conduits B and C is provided with three inletfittings I! that are spaced apart longitudinally thereof. Each of thefittings i2 is in the form of an elbow which curves outwardly andrearwardly from the engine opposing side of the manifold to maintain assmooth a flow of the exhaust gases as possible and terminates at itsouter or inlet end in an attachment flange I3 adapted to be secured toan engine cylinder in communication with the exhaust chamber thereof.The exhaust inlet fittings l2 extend from openings in the engine sidesof the two exhaust conduits B and C through openings in the engine sideof the casing A and are welded in said openings. The inlet end of eachexhaust inlet fitting i2 is of an appropriate shape and the dischargeend thereof is horizontally elongated lengthwise of the conduit, thecross-sectional area of said fitting at each of said ends and throughits entire passage being substantially the same as the cross-sectionalarea of the exhaust port of the engine.

Each of the two exhaust conduits is adapted to communicate through thethree inlet fittings thereof with a selected group of three of the sixengine cylinders so that there is no objectionable interference in theexhaust periods of the three cylinders that communicate with saidconduit. In the construction illustrated, the short conduit Bcommunicates with the first, second and third cylinders of the engineand the long conduit C communicates with the fourth, fifth and sixthcylinders. The six exhaust inlet fittings H are equally spaced apartlongitudinally of the casing A of the manifold, the three inlet fittingsof the long exhaust conduit C communicating with the portion thereofthat extends beyond the end of the short exhaust conduit '3. As shown inFigs. 10, 14 and 15 of the drawings, the exhaust inlet fittings ii" areprovided with outside casings or jackets l2 which form annular chambersthat surround said fittings and communicate with the cooling chamber Fof the manifold, the outer end of these chambers being closed by theattachment flanges I 3*.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 16,

. 17 and 18, the manifold is shown provided with two exhaust conduits Band C that are similar in shape and arrangement to the conduits shown inFigs. 10 to 15, inclusive, and are secured together in spaced relationat intervals throughout the length by spacing blocks l6 interposedbetween and welded to the flat cover plates ll of said conduits. In theconstruction shown in Figs. 15, 16 and 17, however, the outside casingor Jacket is dispensed with and the axial expansion of each exhaustconduit, due to the heat of the exhaust gases passing therethrough, isaccommodated by means of one or more circumferentially corrugatedexpansion sections ll of semicircular cross section which areincorporated in and form portions of said conduit.

. 6 Obviously, the hereinbeiore described exhaust manifold constructionsadmit of considerable modification without departing from theinvention.- Therefore, I do not wish to be limited to the precisearrangements shown and described.

WhatIclaim is:

1. An exhaust manifold-for a multi-cylinder internal combustion enginecomprising a plurality of separate conduits disposed side by side andclosed at one end of said manifold and open at the other or dischargeend thereof, each of said conduits having a plurality of inlet branches,each inlet branch being adapted for connection with the exhaust port ofone of a selected group of cylinders of said engine.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said conduitsincludes an axially expansible section, the conduits having endsprovided with rigid connecting means to establish immovable connections,and the expansible sections being disposed between said ends.

3. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein all of said conduits aremounted in a common casing in spaced relation thereto and to one anotherwith their discharge ends extending through the corresponding end ofsaid casing, all of said branches being interconnected into the conduitson the same side of the manifold.

4. An exhaust manifold of the kind used with multi-cylinder internalcombustion engines for conveying the exhaust gases thereof to aturbocharger therefor for operating the latter, said.

manifold comprising a plurality of substantially parallel conduits eachhaving one end closed and having the other or discharge end open andadapted for connection with said turbocharger, each of said conduitshaving a plurality of inlet branches, each adapted for connectionwiththe exhaust port of one of a selected group of cylinders of saidengine.

5. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits isof substantially semicircular cross section, the diametrica] sides ofthe conduits being disposed in adjacent relation, whereby a pair of saidconduits has an over-all cross section that is generally round.

6. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits isof substantially semicircular cross section except at its discharge endwhere it changes into substantially circular cross section, forconnection with tubular piping.

7. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits isof substantially semicircular cross section except at its discharge endwhere it changes into substantially circular cross section forconnection with tubular piping, the semicircular and circular portionsof said conduits being all of approximately equal cross-sectional area.

8. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits isof substantially semi circular cross section except at its discharge endwhere it changes into substantially circular cross section forconnection with tubular pipin and said conduits and said inlet branchesare al1 of approximately equal cross-sectional area.

9. The combination set forth in claim 4 Wherein each of said conduits isof substantially semicircular cross section except at its discharge andwhere it changes into substantially circular cross section, thesemicircular and circular portions of said conduits are of approximatelyequal crosssectional area, the inlet end of each of said inlet branchesis of substantially the same cross section as the exhaust port of theengine, the cross-sectional area of said end of said branches being inpredetermined proportion to the cross-sectional area of the conduitsupplied thereby and all of said conduits terminate at their exhaustends in a common flange adapted for attachment to said turbocharger. s

10. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein all of said conduitsare enclosed in a liquid-tight casing with their discharge endsprojecting from one end thereof and with their branches projecting fromone side thereof, and said conduits are spaced apart relative to eachother and to said casing.

11. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein an of said conduits areenclosed in a casing and are spaced apart relative thereto and to eachother with their dischargeends projecting from one end of said casingand with their branches projecting from one side thereof and said casinghas inlet and outlet openings adapted for connection with an externalliquid cooling system.

12. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein all of said conduitsare enclosed in a casing and are spaced apart relative thereto and toeach other, said casing has inlet and outlet openings adapted forconnection with the liquid cooling system of said engine, and all ofsaid conduits have their discharge ends disposed exteriorly of saidcasing and connected by a common attachment flange adapted forconnection to said turbocharger.

- 13. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduitscomprises a semicircular tube section and a plate secured to saidsemicircular tube section for closing the open side thereof, the platesections of two adjacent conduits being disposed in adjacentrelationship, whereby the over-all cross section of said two conduits isgenerally circular.

14. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduitsincludes an axially expansible section, each conduit having endsprovided with means to establish immovable connections, and theexpansible sections being between said ends.

15. An exhaust manifold of the kind used with multicylinder internalcombustion engines for conveying the exhaust gases thereof to aturbocharger therefor for operating the latter, said manifold comprisinga tubular outside casing having inlet and outlet openings adapted forconnection with the liquid cooling system of said engine, and aplurality of conduits disposed in said casing longitudinally thereof,each having one end closed and the other or discharge end open andextending through the closed end of said casing for connection with saidturbocharger, each of said conduits having a plurality of inlet branchesspaced apart longitudinally thereof that extend through one side of saidcasing and are each adapted for connection with one of a selected groupof cylinders of said engine.

16. The combination set forth in claim 15 wherein all of said conduitsare of substantially semicircular cross section and of approximatelyequal cross-sectional area, two adjacent conduits having theirdiametrical faces adjacent each other.

17. The combination set forth in claim 15 wherein all of said conduitsare of substantially semicircular cross section and of approximatelyequal cross-sectional area, and each of said conduits comprises asubstantially semicircular tubular section and a plate secured theretofor closing the open side thereof, two adjacent conduits having theirplate sides adjacent.

18. An exhaust manifold of the kind used with multicylinder internalcombustion engines for conveying the exhaust gases thereof to aturbocharger therefor for operating the latter, said manifold comprisinga tubular outside casing having inlet and outlet openings adapted forconnection with the liquid cooling system of said engine, and twoconduits of substantially semicircular cross section disposed in saidcasin longitudinally thereof with their diametrical faces adjacent eachother, each having one end closed and the other or discharge end openand extending through the corresponding end of said casing forconnection with said turbocharger, each of said conduits having aplurality of inlet branches that extend through one side of said casingand are each adapted for connection with one of a selected group ofengine cylinders.

19. The combination set forth in claim 18 wherein said two semicircularconduits are spaced from the sides and closed end of said casing andhave their curved sides disposed substantially concentric therewith andtheir flat sides disposed in opposed spaced relation.

20. An exhaust manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising aplurality of conduits, each having more than one port for connectionwith more than one cylinder, the conduits being elongated andoverlapping in a side by side relationship to provide a grouparrangement, all of the ports being at the same side of the group,adjacent sides of two conduits having complementary shape, and beingspaced from one another for affording space for a cooling mediumtherebetween.

21. An exhaust manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising aplurality of conduits, each having more than one port for connectionwith more than one cylinder, the conduits being elongated andoverlapping in a side by side relationship to provide a grouparrangement, all of the ports being at the same side of the group, twoadjacent conduits having their facing sides of complementary shape andspaced from each other, and their remote sides curved, whereby the twotogether have an over-all cross section that is generally in the form ofa divided tube.

22. An exhaust manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising aplurality of conduits, each having more than one port for connectionwith more than one cylinder, the conduits being elongated andoverlapping in a side by side relationship to provide a grouparrangement, all of the ports being at the same side of the group, eachof two adjacent conduits having a half tubular cross section with oneside flat, the two flat sides facing each other.

23. A manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising at least twoconduits overlapping in sideby-side relationship, each conduitcomprising a half tubular section, with one side semicircular and thejoining side flat, the two sections being grouped with their flat sidesadjacent and their semicircular sides remote from each other, meansholding the two conduits fixed together in said positions, each conduithaving at least two ports. all of the ports extending from the same sideof the manifold.

24. In a manifold for a multicylinder engine. of at least eightcylinders, at least four conduits, arranged in side by side pairs, andthe pairs being arranged in a side by side group, each conduit of a pairhaving its side adiacent its mate complementary to the correspondingside of its mate, and its remote side curved, the pairs being arrangedin superposed relationship, and each conduit having at least two ports,all of the ports of the four conduits extending from the same side ofthe manifold.

25. In a manifold for a multicylinder engine, of at least eightcylinders, at least four conduits, arranged in side by side pairs, andthe pairs being arranged in a side by side group, each conduit of a pairhaving its side adjacent its mate complementary to the correspondingside of its mate, and its remote side curved, the pairs being arrangedin superposed relationship, and each conduit having at least two ports,all of the ports of the four conduits extending from the same side ofthe manifold, said pairs of conduits being arranged with their adjacentfaces previously described, extending substantially in a directiontoward said ports.

26. In a manifold for a multicylinder engine, of at least eightcylinders, at least four conduits, arranged in side by side pairs, andthe pairs being arranged in a side by side group, each conduit of may bedirected toward aligned cylinder openings of the engine.

HAROLD JACOBS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,141,067 Lloyd May 25, 19151,165,449 Rietz Dec. 28, 1915 2,423,574 Barrett July 8, 1947

